Wildfire impacts on western United States snowpacks
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mountain snowpacks provide 53–78% of water used for irrigation, municipalities, and industrial consumption in the western United States. Snowpacks serve as natural reservoirs during winter months play an essential role storage human ecosystem functions. However, wildfires across West are increasing severity, size, frequency, progressively putting at risk they burn further into seasonal snow zone. Following a fire, disappears 4–23 days earlier melt rates increase by up to 57%. In high severity fire Oregon Cascades, black carbon charred woody debris shed from burned trees onto snowpack decreased albedo 40%. Canopy cover loss causes 60% solar radiation reaching surface. Together, these effects produce 200% net shortwave absorbed snowpack. This mini-review synthesizes implications wildfire hydrology mountainous watersheds with primary aim characterize wildfires' varied influences on volume timing resources time scales (daily decadal), space (plot watershed) (low high). The geographical overlap between poses unique challenges managing snow-dominated highlights deficiencies research operational hydrologic modeling, emphasizing need additional field remote-sensing observations model experiments.
منابع مشابه
Climate and Wildfire in the Western United States
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in water
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2624-9375']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.971271